Case 6 Questions 1-10

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Question 1

Which disease is restrictive in nature, and what is the effect on V/Q?

  1. COPD, decreases V/Q
  2. COPD, Increases V/Q
  3. Asthma, Decreases V/Q
  4. Pulmonary Embolism, Increases V/Q
  5. Pulmonary Fibrosis, Increases V/Q

The correct answer is option E Pulmonary fibrosis increasing V/Q

This is correct as restrictive diseases causes a increased V/Q and pulmonary fibrosis is an example of this
a. Incorrect as COPD is obstructive but does cause a decreased V/Q
b. Incorrect as COPD is obstructive, and doesn’t cause an increase in V/Q
c. Asthma is obstructive, and does cause a decreased V/Q
d. PE are not restrictive but does cause an increase in V/Q

Question 2

What is the MOA and effect of tiotropium?

  1. SAMA, blocks M3 receptor, Increases bronchodilation
  2. LAMA, blocks M3 receptor, Increases bronchodilation
  3. LABA, Agonises B2 receptor, Increases bronchodilation
  4. SABA, Agonises B2 receptor, Increases bronchodilation
  5. ICS, decreases Inflammatory responses

The correct answer is option b LAMA, blocks M3 receptor, Increases bronchodilation

Correct as this is the correct MOA and effect
a. Incorrect as it is long acting, not short acting
c. Muscarinic antagonist, not a Beta agonist
d. Long acting and is a muscarinic antagonist
e. ICS is not a muscarinic receptor and incorrect MOA

Question 3

What is a Chylothorax?

  1. A. Pus in the pleural cavity
  2. b. fluid in the pleural cavity
  3. c. Air in the pleural cavity
  4. d. Blood in the pleural cavity
  5. e. Blood and air in the pleural cavity

The correct answer is option a A. Pus in the pleural cavity

Correct as this is the correct definition of a chylothorax
b. Incorrect as this is a pleural effusion
c. Incorrect as this is a pneumothorax
d. This is a Haemothorax
e. This is a Haemopneumothorax

Question 4

Where is the lowest conc. of O2 in the whole body?

  1. Venous blood
  2. Arterial Blood
  3. Trachea
  4. Mitochondria
  5. Alveoli

The correct answer is option d the Mitochondria

This is the site of aerobic respiration, so will have the lowest concentration
a. Whilst it has a low O2 conc, it is still relatively high compared to mitochondria
b. Arterial blood has a high level of oxygen
c. Trachea has a very high oxygen concentration
e. Alveoli has a low oxygen level compared to the trachea, but high compared to the venous blood

Question 5

What is the effect of parasympathetic innervation on bronchodilation and mucous production?

  1. Increases bronchoconstriction and decreases mucous
  2. Increases Bronchodilation, decreases mucous
  3. Increases bronchoconstriction, increases mucous
  4. Increases bronchodilation, increases mucous
  5. Increases bronchoconstriction, no change in mucous

The correct answer is option c Increases bronchoconstriction, increases mucous

Correct as this is what ACh does to M3 receptors
a. Incorrect as more mucous is produced
b. Incorrect, this is the effect of sympathetic innervation
d. Incorrect as it is increased bronchoconstriction, not bronchodilation
e. Incorrect, there is an increase in mucous, not a lack of change

Question 6

How many lobes does the right lung has?

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5

The correct answer is option c 3

This is correct, it is the upper, middle and lower lobe
a. Incorrect there is 3 lobes, not 1
b. This is the amount of lobes in the Left lung, not the right lung
d. This is incorrect
e. This is the total number of lobes in the lungs

Question 7

What is not a risk factor for pulmonary embolisms?

  1. BMI over 25
  2. Immobility
  3. Malignancy
  4. Pregnancy
  5. Oestrogen therapy

The correct answer is option a BMI over 25

a. It is a risk when the BMI is over 30, not 25
b. Immobility is a risk factor for PE
c. Malignancy is a risk factor for PE
d. Pregnancy is a risk for PE
e. Oestrogen therapy is a risk factor for a PE

Question 8

Where is surfactant released from?

  1. Type 1 pneumocytes
  2. Pleural cells
  3. Alveoli macrophages
  4. Chief cells
  5. Type 2 pneumocytes

The correct answer is option e Type 2 pneumocytes

Correct, round and release surfactant
a. This is for gas exchange
b. Not the best answer
c. For immunity and mucous clearance
d. in the carotid bodies, not in the lungs

Question 9

What causes a decrease in haemoglobin affinity for oxygen?

  1. Increased temperature
  2. Decrease in CO2
  3. Increase in pH
  4. Decrease in temperature
  5. Increase om 2,3-DPG

The correct answer is option a Increased temperature

correct as this decreases the O2 affinity
b. This increases the affinity
c. This increases the affinity
d. This increases the affinity
e. This increases the affinity

Question 10

A healthy 6 year old takes a deep breath, the lungs are hyperinflated, which correctly describes the lungs behaviour in this instance?

  1. Interpleural pressure is close to 0
  2. Decreases the intrapleural pressure will deflate the lungs
  3. Lung tissue is at the elastic limit
  4. Lung tissue has a high compliance compared to a normal level of inflation
  5. Interpleural pressure may reach +2kPa

The correct answer is option c Lung tissue is at the elastic limit

Correct as the lung cannot expand anymore
a. Interplural pressure is further away from 0
b. Increased interpleural pressure will deflate the lungs
d. Compliance is lower, not higher
e. Interpleural pressure is near -2kPa, not +2kPa